Why Literature? (The Branches)
September 13, 2018
It is the second part of “Why Literature”, this article will talk about the branches of Literature. I am not going to write all in detail. Because it will spend a lot of pages, and I am not diligent enough to do that lmao.
Well, hi peeps! Welcome.
There are some
types of literary works such as
poetry, drama, and prose. Each of branches are helpful as a media for relaxing, expressing their feelings, and getting a new inspiration. Beside it helps the readers in increasing their vocabularies, and learning
about moral message in a literary work.
From the three types of literary works that mentioned,
let’s talk about them one by one started from prose first.
1. Prose
Prose is a
form of language which applies ordinary grammatical structure and natural flow
of speech rather than rhythmic structure. Then, prose
itself divided into two kinds of prose, it based on time, the old prose and the
modern prose.
a.
Old
prose is a form of literary works that untouched from western culture. At the
beginning, this works are spoken formed. But now, we can find this kind of
literary works in form of writing. The old prose consists of tale, history,
fairy-tale (myth, legend, fable, comic, tale, history).
b.
Modern
prose is a kind of literature that impact by the western culture. It appears
when people think that the old prose is not compatible anymore in this era. The
modern prose consists of roman, biography, essay, short story, and novel.
The differences
between old and new prose is as follows:
Old Prose
1.
Static,
slow changes
2.
Palaces-centrally,
a royal
3.
Fantastic,
the forms are saga, fairy tale
4.
Influenced
by Hindu and Arabic literature
5.
There
is no author (Anonymous)
New Prose
1.
Dynamic,
the changes are fast
2.
People-centrally,
the compositions of the story are from the people around
3.
Realistic,
the forms are romance, novels, short stories, plays, stories, etc.
4.
Influenced
Western literature
5.
The
name of the author is always included
2. Poetry
Poetry is a literary form that expresses the thoughts
and feelings of the poet and imaginatively and is composed by concentrating the
power of language by concentrating the physical structure and inner structure.
The emphasis on aesthetic aspects of a language and the deliberate use of
repetition, meters and rhymes are the things that differentiate poetry from
prose.
Poetry divided into two forms too, old and modern.
A. Old Poetry
Old poetry is a
poem that is still bound by rules. Old poetry rules such as the number of words
contained in a row, the number of lines contained in 1 verse, poetry or rhyme,
many syllables in each row, and rhythm. (Mantra.
Pantun, Karmina, Gurindam, Talibun)
Old poetry
has some characteristics such as usually in the form of folk poetry and unknown
authors' names, still bound by various rules such as the number of rows in each
stanza, the poem and the number of syllables in each row, spoken by word of
mouth and can also be called oral literature, contains about kingdoms,
fantastic, and palaces-centric.
B. Modern Poetry
It is a kind of poem that is not bound by rules anymore, in contrast to
old poetry. New poetry has a more free form than old poetry in terms of rows,
syllables, or rhymes. (Balada, Himne, Ode, Epigram, Romansa, Elegi, Satire, Distikon, etc).
Modern poetry has some characteristics such as the name of the author is
known, developments orally and in writing, not bound by various rules such as
rhyme, number of lines and syllables, using dynamic or changing media, usually
contains about life, usually use more rhymes and poetry, has a neater and more
symmetrical shape, have a regular final rhyme, in each row the form is
syntactic unity.
And, Poetry has a structure which make the poetry stronger and greater.
1. Rhyme and rhythm. The sound equation found in poetry, whether at the
beginning, middle, or at the end of the poem line.
2. The imagination. A word or arrangement of words that is able to
express sensory experiences, such as feeling, vision, and hearing.
3. Diction. The selection of several words by the poet in his poetry
work.
4. Concrete words. Words that can be captured using senses that can
allow the appearance of images.
5. Language style. The use of language that can turn on effects and
cause certain connotations.
6. Typography. A form of poetry such as on pages that are not filled
with words, right-left edges, row settings, to lines in each poem that do not
always start with capital letters and end with periods. These things determine
the meaning of poetry.
3. Drama (Play)
Referring to the Dictionary drama/play is defined as a
poetic composition or prose that is expected to describe life and character
through acting or dialogue. Then, it also can defines as a story, especially
one that involves conflict or emotion, which is specifically arranged for
theater performances.
Whereas the
definition according to the expert, Joseph T. Shipley in Satoto (2012) defined
the term drama as all performances that use expression in its performance.
Other experts who expressed their opinions, Tjahyono (1998) in his
writing defines the term drama as one of the forms of art that seeks to express
the subject of human life through motion or action and conversation or dialogue
Drama Structure
A drama will have a story line that is often called a
play. The play in drama has a clear structure that is related to one another so
as to form a unified entity. Here are some things that are included in the
structure of the drama:
1. Round
The rounds in the
drama script are every part or session of scenes in the drama. The round is a
summary of all events that occur in a place in a certain time sequence.
2. Scene
Scenes are
structures that include the way an actor or actress carries the character he
plays in a drama. Scenes are also part of a round in which the boundary of a
scene is determined by changes in events or transitions coming from a character
in a drama.
3. Dialogue
Dialogue is part
of the drama script in the form of a series of conversations between one
character and another. Writing dialogues in the drama script uses punctuation
marks ("_").
4. Prologue
Prologue is a part
that is the introduction of the manuscript. The Prologue can contain one or
more information and opinions from the playwright about the story to be
performed. Usually delivered by a narrator.
5. Epilogue
Epilogue is the
closing part of a drama. Just like the prologue, this section will usually also
be conveyed by the narrator which contains a brief glimpse of the story behind
and conclusions from the contents of the drama that has been staged.
Furthermore, we can classify types of drama based on the presentation of it like tragedy, comedy, opera, tragekomedy (combination of tragedy and comedy), melodrama, tablo, etc.
Well, I think enough the topic of branches of Literature. I hope this article can help you (anyone) who wants to know the basics of the three branches of knowledge in literature. The rest, you can read books or having discussions with your friends, or join certain communities. Btw, I am not an expert to write it perfectly, so, just feel free to correct my text if there are mistakes inside.***
Furthermore, I
will share about things that are in the body of literature. Then? What are the
elements contained in it? How important are they? And is it cool to discuss
that?
1 comments
Thank you!
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